Projects

Presentation

In the context of energy transition and the fight against climate change, island territories such as Réunion Island face a twofold challenge: a strong dependence on imported fossil fuels and increased vulnerability to environmental impacts. Decarbonising the transport sector, which is a major emitter of greenhouse gases, is therefore a strategic priority for meeting climate targets and strengthening the territory’s energy autonomy. Among the solutions being considered, the development of renewable alternative fuels, such as biohydrogen and biomethane, offers promising prospects. The valorisation of local organic waste (green waste, agricultural effluents, agro-industrial by-products) appears to be a relevant lever for producing energy while aligning with a circular economy logic. However, several scientific, technological and economic barriers still limit the deployment of these supply chains at the local level, notably the variability of resources, low biological yields and the lack of a structured hydrogen supply chain. The H2RUN project – Biohydrogen production from green waste for the transport sector in Réunion Island – is part of this dynamic. It aims to explore and optimise innovative processes for producing biohydrogen and biomethane from local resources, combining dark fermentation, anaerobic digestion and hybrid approaches coupled with water electrolysis. The project draws on an interdisciplinary approach at the interface of biological engineering, environmental sciences and energy economics. Funded under the ERDF 2021-2027 programme (Climate Energy), the H2RUN project has a budget of €799,743.68, co-financed by the European Union (85%) and the Région Réunion (15%). It is led by the ENERGY-Lab and PIMENT research units, in partnership with the CHEMBIOPRO research laboratory (UR), the BioWooEB research unit (CIRAD) and the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (Netherlands). This project thus contributes to the structuring of a local alternative fuel supply chain, in response to the energy, environmental and territorial challenges specific to Réunion Island.

Objectives

The H2RUN project aims to develop a complete value chain for the production of alternative fuels from organic waste, based on several specific objectives:

1. Characterisation of local resources

Identify and quantify the organic waste deposits that can be mobilised on the territory, and assess their hydrogen and methane production potential.

2. Development and optimisation of biological processes

Implement and improve dark fermentation processes for hydrogen production, coupled with anaerobic digestion for methane production, while optimising yields through pre-treatments and the use of biochar.

3. Scale-up and process integration

Study the transition from laboratory to larger-scale systems, as well as coupling with complementary technologies such as water electrolysis.

4. Feasibility assessment and end uses

Analyse the techno-economic and environmental viability of a local supply chain, particularly for applications in heavy mobility (passenger and freight transport).


Dessimination

The H2RUN project aims to produce concrete results that can be directly mobilised at the territorial level.

The main expected results are:

  • A better understanding of local resources: characterisation of organic waste deposits and their energy potential, enabling the steering of valorisation strategies.
  • Technological advances: optimisation of biohydrogen and biomethane production processes, improvement of yields and experimentation with innovative hybrid solutions.
  • An assessment of territorialised energy scenarios: analysis of the conditions for deploying an alternative fuel supply chain in Réunion Island, integrating the technical, economic and logistical constraints specific to the territory.
  • Scientific outcomes: production of scientific articles, participation in conferences and strengthening of the positioning of the laboratories involved in the field of bioenergies.
  • An environmental and socio-economic impact: contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, valorisation of local waste and support for the emergence of an energy circular economy.

Through these results, the H2RUN project contributes to building a more sustainable energy model, adapted to island specificities, and to the structuring of a hydrogen supply chain in Réunion Island.


Partners

Partenaires financiers

Le projet est financé par l’Union européenne via le FEDER et cofinancé par la Région Réunion, dans le cadre du programme 2021-2027 dédié à l’excellence en recherche et innovation dans le domaine Climat Énergie.

Academic partners

Le projet repose sur une collaboration entre acteurs académiques :
    • CIRAD : BioWooEB
    • IHE Delft Institute for Water Education
       

    Contact

    Scientific project leader:
    dominique.grondin@univ-reunion.fr
    laetitia.adelard@univ-reunion.fr

    Management team associated with the project at ENERGY-Lab:
    michel.benne@univ-reunion.fr
    dominique.grondin@univ-reunion.fr

    Management team associated with the project at the PIMENT Laboratory:
    mathieu.david@univ-reunion.fr
    laetitia.adelard@univ-reunion.fr

    Presentation

    Our century is defined by a race against time to limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, as agreed in the Paris Agreement by 192 Parties in December 2015. In this context, the massive deployment of intermittent renewable energies (RE) is a national and European priority, particularly in non-interconnected island territories such as La Réunion, where grid stability relies on energy storage and decarbonized hydrogen production.

    Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) is a key technology for converting surplus renewable electricity into hydrogen. However, the accumulation of oxygen bubbles at the anode significantly reduces system performance and durability. These complex two-phase phenomena (bubbly, slug, and stagnated regimes) lead to partial coverage of the active surface, increased overpotentials, and accelerated component degradation.

    To overcome these bottlenecks, artificial intelligence represents a breakthrough innovation. Pioneering work carried out by Idriss Sinapan led to the development of deep learning-based bubble detection and recognition tools (YOLO), initially in single-class and then in multi-class configurations, combined with a transparent PEMWE cell and a high-resolution video acquisition system on the SysPacRevers test bench. These approaches have already enabled precise quantification of coverage rates, bubble counts, and flow dynamics, as well as the identification of counter-intuitive phenomena related to water flow rate and current density.

    The H2-DurabilitAI project – Improving H2 system durability through AI, led by Idriss Sinapan as principal investigator, builds on this body of work. It aims to establish a comprehensive experimental database, develop an advanced AI pipeline (multi-class detection/segmentation, non-uniformity heat maps, bubble residence time estimation), and propose new component topologies and optimizations, in partnership with Fraunhofer ISE for experimental validation.

    The H2-DurabilitAI project is funded by the European Union in the amount of €167,924.67 under the ERDF-ESF+ Réunion 2021–2027 programme, for which the Région Réunion serves as the Managing Authority. Europe is committed to La Réunion through ERDF funding. The Région Réunion supplements this funding with a national counterpart contribution.

    This project strengthens local expertise in artificial intelligence applied to hydrogen and contributes to the decarbonization and energy resilience of the Réunion territory, while promoting open innovation through the public release of the database and the AI model on GitHub.


    Objectives

    This project builds on the pioneering work of Idriss Sinapan, which led to the development of deep learning-based oxygen bubble detection and recognition tools in PEMWE electrolyzers. This work enabled, for the first time, a multi-class analysis (bubbly, slug, and stagnated) of bubble dynamics at the anode, using a transparent PEMWE cell coupled with a high-resolution video acquisition system on the SysPacRevers test bench. The H2-DurabilitAI project continues and expands upon this work through four specific objectives:

    1. Large-scale data acquisition and establishment of an experimental database

    The objective is to generate a rich, multi-condition database on the transparent PEMWE. Several tasks are carried out:
    • Recommissioning and calibration of the SysPacRevers test bench;
    • High-resolution video acquisition synchronized with operating signals (current density, water flow rate, temperature, pressure, channel and porous medium topologies);
    • Structuring, organization, and open sharing of data via a NAS system.

    2. Development of an artificial intelligence pipeline for bubble analysis

    The objective is to create an advanced AI tool dedicated to the detailed analysis of two-phase phenomena. Several tasks are carried out:
    • Development of a multi-class bubble detection/segmentation model (bubbly, slug, stagnated);
    • Generation of coverage non-uniformity heat maps;
    • Implementation of bubble tracking to compute dynamic indicators such as residence time and mean evacuation time;
    • Post-processing and performance evaluation (mAP, IoU, etc.).

    3. Analysis of results and proposal of new topologies and optimizations

    The objective is to leverage AI-derived indicators to improve PEMWE performance and durability. Several tasks are carried out:
    • Comparative analysis of bubble regimes according to operating conditions and topologies;
    • Proposal of component modifications (channels, porous transport layer, MEA assembly);
    • Validation in partnership with Fraunhofer ISE.

    4. Dissemination, outreach, and preparation of future projects

    The objective is to ensure the dissemination of results and the strengthening of local expertise. Tasks include:
    • Publication of results in a Category A scientific journal;
    • Public release of the AI model and database on GitHub;
    • Preparation of analysis reports and recommendations;
    • Prefiguration of a Horizon Europe consortium.

    Dissemination

    The H2-DurabilitAI project aims to produce concrete and reusable results, both scientifically and technologically, with a strong territorial impact. The main expected outcomes are:
    • A rich and open experimental database: Collection and structuring of a large volume of high-resolution videos synchronized with operating conditions (current density, flow rates, temperature, pressure, topologies). This database will constitute a valuable resource for the international scientific community working on two-phase phenomena in PEMWE electrolyzers.
    • An advanced artificial intelligence tool: Development of a high-performance AI pipeline for multi-class bubble detection (bubbly, slug, stagnated), generation of non-uniformity heat maps, and computation of dynamic indicators (residence time, coverage rate, etc.). The model and source code will be made available as open source on GitHub to promote reproducibility and collaborative innovation.
    • Scientific and technological advances: Publication of results in a Category A scientific journal, including a comparative analysis of bubble regimes and component optimization recommendations (flow channels, porous transport layer, MEA assembly). This work will significantly improve the performance and durability of PEM electrolyzers.
    • Strengthening of local expertise and international outreach: Development of computer vision expertise applied to hydrogen within ENERGY-Lab, strengthening of the partnership with Fraunhofer ISE, and preparation of a consortium for Horizon Europe projects.
    Through these deliverables, the H2-DurabilitAI project will contribute to reducing green hydrogen production costs and to the energy resilience of island territories, concretely supporting the ecological transition of La Réunion.


    Partners

    Financial partners

    The H2-DurabilitAI project is funded by the European Union under the ERDF-ESF+ Réunion programme, for which the Réunion Region is the Managing Authority. Europe is committed to Réunion through the ERDF.

    Academic partners

    Fraunhofer ISE (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems) – Germany Discussions are underway with Fraunhofer ISE regarding a scientific partnership, particularly on the use of AI for the segmentation and analysis of porous media from 3D images acquired by laser microscopy. This collaboration would extend the scope of the H2-DurabilitAI project towards the detailed characterization of internal components of PEMWE electrolyzers.  

    Contact

    Electromagnetic CARtography by Communications Networks. European Operational Programmes 2007-2013 FEDER INTERVENTION FRAMEWORK Drawing on its long-standing expertise in the fields of energy and electromagnetic waves, the LE²P laboratory of the University of Reunion Island, presents the CARERC project (Electromagnetic Cartography by Communications Networks), which is part of the European Operational Programme 2007-2013 – Measure 2-06 – Research cluster and innovative applications in ICT. The CARERC project proposes the realization of a software and hardware infrastructure for measurement in order to carry out a dynamic 3D electromagnetic cartography of a given space.


    GEOSUN is a regional cooperation scientific and technological project between South Africa and Reunion Island, at the initiative of LE2P, Le Port and Durban.   Based on the experience of the RCI_GS (Intelligent Sensor Network for a better understanding of the Solar Field) project initiated in 2011, LE2P has established partnerships with research teams from neighbouring countries to start a ground-based solar mapping network in the Western Indian Ocean.   On the initiative of two twin cities (namely the Port City in Reunion Island and Durban in South Africa) wishing to expand their exchange actions, LE2P has approached the University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN) whose solar radiation study is also one of the research subjects.   The two teams, by pooling their know-how, decided to launch a network of sensors in the KwaZulu Natal.

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